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NAME
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ls, lc – list contents of directory
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SYNOPSIS
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ls [ −dlmnpqrstuFQ ] name ...
lc [ −dlmnpqrstuFQ ] name ...
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DESCRIPTION
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For each directory argument, ls lists the contents of the directory;
for each file argument, ls repeats its name and any other information
requested. When no argument is given, the current directory is
listed. By default, the output is sorted alphabetically by name.
Lc is the same as ls, but sets the −p option and pipes the output
through mc(1).
There are a number of options:
−d If argument is a directory, list it, not its contents.
−l List in long format, giving mode (see below), file system type
(e.g., for devices, the # code letter that names it; see intro(3)),
the instance or subdevice number, owner, group, size in bytes,
and time of last modification for each file.
−m List the name of the user who most recently modified the file.
−n Don’t sort the listing.
−p Print only the final path element of each file name.
−q List the qid (see stat(3)) of each file; the printed fields
are in the order path, version, and type.
−r Reverse the order of sort.
−s Give size in Kbytes for each entry.
−t Sort by time modified (latest first) instead of by name.
−u Under −t sort by time of last access; under −l print time of
last access.
−F Add the character / after all directory names and the character
* after all executable files.
−L Print the character t before each file if it has the temporary
flag set, and − otherwise.
−Q By default, printed file names are quoted if they contain characters
special to rc(1). The −Q flag disables this behavior.
The mode printed under the −l option contains 11 characters, interpreted
as follows: the first character is
d if the entry is a directory;
a if the entry is an append-only file;
D if the entry is a Unix device;
L if the entry is a symbolic link;
P if the entry is a named pipe;
S if the entry is a socket;
− if the entry is a plain file.
The next letter is l if the file is exclusive access (one writer
or reader at a time).
The last 9 characters are interpreted as three sets of three bits
each. The first set refers to owner permissions; the next to permissions
to others in the same user-group; and the last to all others.
Within each set the three characters indicate permission respectively
to read, to write, or to execute the file as a program. For a
directory, ‘execute’ permission
is interpreted to mean permission to search the directory for
a specified file. The permissions are indicated as follows:
rif the file is readable;
wif the file is writable;
xif the file is executable;
−if none of the above permissions is granted.
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SOURCE
SEE ALSO
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