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NAME
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allocimage, allocimagemix, freeimage, nameimage, namedimage, setalpha,
loadimage, cloadimage, unloadimage, readimage, writeimage, bytesperline,
wordsperline – allocating, freeing, reading, writing images
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SYNOPSIS
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#include <u.h>
#include <libc.h>
#include <draw.h>
Image *allocimage(Display *d, Rectangle r,
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ulong chan, int repl, int col)
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Image *allocimagemix(Display *d, ulong one, ulong three)
void freeimage(Image *i)
int nameimage(Image *i, char *name, int in)
Image *namedimage(Display *d, char *name)
ulong setalpha(ulong color, uchar alpha)
int loadimage(Image *i, Rectangle r, uchar *data, int ndata)
int cloadimage(Image *i, Rectangle r, uchar *data, int ndata)
int unloadimage(Image *i, Rectangle r, uchar *data, int ndata)
Image *readimage(Display *d, int fd, int dolock)
int writeimage(int fd, Image *i, int dolock)
int bytesperline(Rectangle r, int d)
int wordsperline(Rectangle r, int d)
enum
{
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DOpaque = 0xFFFFFFFF,
DTransparent = 0x00000000,
DBlack = 0x000000FF,
DWhite = 0xFFFFFFFF,
DRed = 0xFF0000FF,
DGreen = 0x00FF00FF,
DBlue = 0x0000FFFF,
DCyan = 0x00FFFFFF,
DMagenta = 0xFF00FFFF,
DYellow = 0xFFFF00FF,
DPaleyellow = 0xFFFFAAFF,
DDarkyellow = 0xEEEE9EFF,
DDarkgreen = 0x448844FF,
DPalegreen = 0xAAFFAAFF,
DMedgreen = 0x88CC88FF,
DDarkblue = 0x000055FF,
DPalebluegreen = 0xAAFFFFFF,
DPaleblue = 0x0000BBFF,
DBluegreen = 0x008888FF,
DGreygreen = 0x55AAAAFF,
DPalegreygreen = 0x9EEEEEFF,
DYellowgreen = 0x99994CFF,
DMedblue = 0x000099FF,
DGreyblue = 0x005DBBFF,
DPalegreyblue = 0x4993DDFF,
DPurpleblue = 0x8888CCFF,
DNotacolor = 0xFFFFFF00,
DNofill = DNotacolor,
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};
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DESCRIPTION
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A new Image on Display d is allocated with allocimage; it will
have the rectangle, pixel channel format, and replication flag
given by its arguments. Convenient pixel channels like GREY1,
GREY2, CMAP8, RGB16, RGB24, and RGBA32 are predefined. All the
new image’s pixels will have initial value col. If col is DNofill,
no initialization is done.
Representative useful values of color are predefined: DBlack,
DWhite, DRed, and so on. Colors are specified by 32-bit numbers
comprising, from most to least significant byte, 8-bit values
for red, green, blue, and alpha. The values correspond to illumination,
so 0 is black and 255 is white. Similarly, for alpha 0 is transparent
and 255 is opaque. The id
field will have been set to the identifying number used by /dev/draw
(see draw(3)), and the cache field will be zero. If repl is true,
the clip rectangle is set to a very large region; if false, it
is set to r. The depth field will be set to the number of bits
per pixel specified by the channel descriptor (see image(7)).
Allocimage returns 0 if the server has run out
of image memory.
Allocimagemix is used to allocate background colors. On 8-bit
color-mapped displays, it returns a 2x2 replicated image with one
pixel colored the color one and the other three with three. (This
simulates a wider range of tones than can be represented by a
single pixel value on a color-mapped display.) On true color displays,
it returns a 1x1 replicated
image whose pixel is the result of mixing the two colors in a
one to three ratio.
Freeimage frees the resources used by its argument image.
Nameimage publishes in the server the image i under the given
name. If in is non-zero, the image is published; otherwise i must
be already named name and it is withdrawn from publication. Namedimage
returns a reference to the image published under the given name
on Display d. These routines permit unrelated applications sharing
a display to
share an image; for example they provide the mechanism behind
getwindow (see graphics(3)).
The RGB values in a color are premultiplied by the alpha value;
for example, a 50% red is 0x7F00007F not 0xFF00007F. The function
setalpha performs the alpha computation on a given color, ignoring
its initial alpha value, multiplying the components by the supplied
alpha. For example, to make a 50% red color value, one could execute
setalpha(DRed, 0x7F).
The remaining functions deal with moving groups of pixel values
between image and user space or external files. There is a fixed
format for the exchange and storage of image data (see image(7)).
Unloadimage reads a rectangle of pixels from image i into data,
whose length is specified by ndata. It is an error if ndata is
too small to accommodate the pixels.
Loadimage replaces the specified rectangle in image i with the
ndata bytes of data.
The pixels are presented one horizontal line at a time, starting
with the top-left pixel of r. In the data processed by these routines,
each scan line starts with a new byte in the array, leaving the
last byte of the previous line partially empty, if necessary.
Pixels are packed as tightly as possible within data, regardless
of the rectangle being extracted. Bytes
are filled from most to least significant bit order, as the x
coordinate increases, aligned so x=0 would appear as the leftmost
pixel of its byte. Thus, for depth 1, the pixel at x offset 165
within the rectangle will be in a data byte at bit-position 0x04
regardless of the overall rectangle: 165 mod 8 equals 5, and 0x80
>> 5 equals 0x04.
Cloadimage does the same as loadimage, but for ndata bytes of
compressed image data (see image(7)). On each call to cloadimage,
the data must be at the beginning of a compressed data block,
in particular, it should start with the y coordinate and data
length for the block.
Loadimage, cloadimage, and unloadimage return the number of bytes
copied.
Readimage creates an image from data contained in an external
file (see image(7) for the file format); fd is a file descriptor
obtained by opening such a file for reading. The returned image
is allocated using allocimage. The dolock flag specifies whether
the Display should be synchronized for multithreaded access; single-threaded
programs can leave
it zero.
Writeimage writes image i onto file descriptor fd, which should
be open for writing. The format is as described for readimage.
Readimage and writeimage do not close fd.
Bytesperline and wordsperline return the number of bytes or words
occupied in memory by one scan line of rectangle r in an image
with d bits per pixel.
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EXAMPLE
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To allocate a single-pixel replicated image that may be used to
paint a region red,
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red = allocimage(display, Rect(0, 0, 1, 1), RGB24, 1, DRed);
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SOURCE
SEE ALSO
DIAGNOSTICS
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These functions return pointer 0 or integer –1 on failure, usually
due to insufficient memory.
May set errstr.
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BUGS
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Depth must be a divisor or multiple of 8.
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